Introduction

Giant manta rays (Mobula birostris) are among the most iconic and enigmatic species in the oceans, renowned not only for their imposing size but also for their essential role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems. Despite their ecological importance, their reproductive biology and the critical habitats they utilize during the most sensitive stages of their life cycle remain poorly understood, especially in the Eastern Pacific. Regions such as the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Banderas Bay, and the Gulf of California, considered global biodiversity hotspots, offer a unique setting for studying these marine giants and understanding the challenges they face from threats such as bycatch and human impact on their environments.

This project aims to fill these knowledge gaps by using non-invasive, contactless underwater ultrasound to support manta ray conservation, together with satellite telemetry and laser photogrammetry, which will allow researchers to identify gestation, nursery, and feeding areas used by pregnant females. With this information, the project seeks not only to advance the scientific understanding of the species but also to generate evidence that will contribute to the design of more effective conservation strategies, strengthening the protection of these vulnerable populations and promoting the sustainable management of Mexico's marine protected areas.